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Colonoscopy can cause pressure or bloating. Many examinations are performed with sedation or pain control, depending on the patient and clinic protocol.

Usually the stomach must be empty. Do not eat or drink during the time window given by the doctor, and discuss medications in advance.

Good bowel cleansing is essential. Follow the diet and bowel-preparation schedule exactly as instructed.

Many medications can be continued, but some require special planning. Tell the doctor about all medications before the procedure.

Do not stop blood thinners on your own. Inform the doctor in advance so a safe plan can be made.

After sedation, driving the same day is not recommended. Arrange someone to accompany you home.

Initial findings are often discussed the same day. Biopsy results may require additional time.

A biopsy is a small tissue sample and is usually not felt as pain. It helps make the diagnosis more accurate.

Contact the doctor urgently if you have severe abdominal or chest pain, fever, breathing difficulty, black stool, bleeding, or sudden difficulty swallowing.

Gastroscopy is usually not painful, but it can feel uncomfortable. Sedation or other comfort options can be discussed with the doctor when appropriate.